writs under Article 32 against non­State actors

There are several instances where this Court has issued writs under Article 32 against non­State actors. Broadly those cases fall under two categories,  namely,  (i)  private players performing public duties/functions; and  (ii)  nonState actors performing statutory activities that impact the rights   of   citizens.   Cases   which   fall   under   these   two categories have been held by this Court to be amenable to writ jurisdiction as seen from several decisions including 33Luth (1958) BVerfGE 7, 198  34(1969) 1 SCC 585 35(1989) 2 SCC 691 23 M.C.   Mehta  vs.  Union   of   India36 .  Absent any of these parameters,   the   Court   has   refused   to   exercise   writ jurisdiction as seen from Binny Ltd. vs. V. Sadasivan. 37