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Evidence - proof - Presumption
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Knowledgebase Law and Legal Remedies - Litigation Process Case Law Evidence Evidence - proof - Presumption

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no direct proof is necessary because conspiracies are hatched in secrecy.

no direct proof is necessary because such conspiracies are hatched in secrecy. In Raman Lal (Supra), it is ruled as under; Page 13 of 15 “Conspiracy – I.P.C. Sec. 120 (B) – Apex court made it clear th...
Relevant provisions of Law of Evidence - A discussion:

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION S. ABDUL NAZEER; J., B.R. GAVAI; J., A.S. BOPANNA; J., V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN; J.,  B. V. NAGARATHNA; J. CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1669 OF 2009; 15 ...
Presumptions:

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION S. ABDUL NAZEER; J., B.R. GAVAI; J., A.S. BOPANNA; J., V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN; J.,  B. V. NAGARATHNA; J. CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1669 OF 2009; 15 ...
Circumstantial Evidence

Circumstantial Evidence 53. As already noted, all evidence let in before the court of law are classified either as direct or circumstantial evidence. “Direct evidence” means when the principal fact is...
oral evidence - hearsay

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION S. ABDUL NAZEER; J., B.R. GAVAI; J., A.S. BOPANNA; J., V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN; J.,  B. V. NAGARATHNA; J. CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1669 OF 2009; 15 ...
Natural Justice - defendant be given opportunity to disprove the evidence

5. However, from charge sheet (page 59 of paper book) we find that documents which were relied in support of charges included some preliminary inquiry report and other documents of concerned society. ...
Presumption of Liability - Can be used legally if not rebutted

SC: Adjudication of issue - Presumption of Liability - Can be used legally if not rebutted - In Kumar Exports v. Sharma Carpets [Kumar Exports v. Sharma Carpets, (2009) 2 SCC 513 : (2009) 1 SCC (Civ) ...
absent scientific or empirical evidence, the court can apply reason and logic.

A.B. v. Bragg Communications Inc., [2012] 2 SCR 567, 2012 SCC 46   [15] The amicus curiae pointed to the absence of  evidence of harm from the girl about her own emotional vulnerability. But, while ev...