FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

The original constitution did not provide for Fundamental Duties of the citizens. These were added during theoperation of internal emergency(1975-77) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 on the recommendation of theSwaran Singh Committee. 

The Part IV-A of the Constitution (which consists of only one Article 51-A) specifies the eleven Fundamental Duties viz., to respect the Constitution, national flag and national anthem; to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country; to promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people; to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture and so on.