principles of collective responsibility and Government accountability

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 990 of 2021
KISHAN CHAND JAIN ....PETITIONER(S)
VERSUS
UNION OF INDIA & ORS. ...RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T by
PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, J.
for 3 judge bench of   [Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud] CJI and justices  [Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha] and [J.B. Pardiwala]
dated
August 17, 202323.

In Government (NCT of Delhi) v. Union of India4
referring to the direct relationship
between principles of collective responsibility and Government accountability,
this Court held:-
325. There is a direct relationship between the principle of
collective responsibility and Government accountability. This
relationship is conceptualised in The Oxford Companion to
Politics in India:
Accountability can be defined in terms of outcomes rather than
processes of Government.. It also includes the criterion of
responsiveness to changes in circumstances that alter citizen
needs and abilities In other words, accountability refers to the
extent to which actual policies and their implementation coincide
with a normative ideal in terms of what they ought to be In this
broad sense, accountability amounts to evaluating the nature of
governance itself, in outcome-oriented terms.